Guess the Embouchure Type – Maurice Andre

It’s time for yet another of my Guess the Embouchure Type installments, where I look at videos of brass players available online and try to guess which of the three basic embouchure types the player belongs to.  This time I’m going to take a close look at the embouchure of one of the best trumpet players around, Maurice Andre.

If you aren’t already familiar with the three basic embouchure types, skim through this article and then take a look at the above video of Andre playing the first movement from Haynd’s Trumpet Concerto in Eb major.  Which embouchure type do you think he belongs to?

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Guess the Embouchure Type – Rafael Mendez

Mexican trumpet player Rafael Mendez was one of the most well regarded trumpet players of his day.  He was noted for his incredible flexibility, multiple tonguing, and large sound.  While researching for an article I wrote several years ago on Donald Reinhardt I heard from a couple of teachers whose opinion I trust that Mendez had an embouchure type that corresponds to what I call the Medium High Placement embouchure type.  Based on photos and video of his playing I would agree.

The best look at his chops happen towards the end of the video, starting at around 7:11 into the clip.  There are three things that I would point out that, in combination, make me believe that Mendez belonged to this embouchure type.

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X-Ray Videos of Brass Players

The above embedded video from YouTube is an fascinating look at a horn player and a trumpet player performing various types of tonguing in different registers.  There are some interesting things that I noticed watching it.

I’m not sure when this video footage was filmed, but it had to be a while ago (update: John Ericson, from the Horn Matters blog, noted that the footage was taken for Joseph A. Meidt’s 1967 dissertationA Cinefluorographic Investigation of Oral Adjustments for Various Aspects of Brass Instrument Performance).  These days we have a better understanding of the risks involved in a casual dose of X-ray radiation, so I doubt that a legitimate researcher would be able to go through an Institutional Research Board and get approval for this sort of study.  

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A Euphonium Embouchure

YouTube user “Suiram1” has uploaded a video of his embouchure.

Suiram1 asked if I had any comments for him.  It’s a pretty short video, and it’s very difficult to diagnose or suggest anything without being there in person, but I thought I’d point out some things I notice.

First, his embouchure is definitely one of the downstream types.  If you look closely at the lips when he’s playing in the transparent mouthpiece you can see this.  There’s more upper lip inside so that lip predominates and the air strikes the bottom of the cup.  This is more common than the upstream embouchure type.  

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The Three Basic Embouchure Types

When looking closely at a large number of brass player’s embouchures certain patterns emerge, irrespective of the player’s instrument or practice approach.  Using two universal features of all brass embouchures, the air stream direction as it pass the lips into the mouthpiece and the pushing and pulling of the lips and mouthpiece together up and down along the teeth, it’s possible to classify all brass embouchures into three basic types.

Since each of these three basic embouchure types function quite differently from each other it’s important for brass teachers to understand them, as different types respond to the same instruction in different ways.  Understanding what proper embouchure form is for each type will help teachers guide their students more efficiently and also understand when a player is playing on an embouchure that isn’t appropriate for his or her anatomy.  When confronted with a serious embouchure dysfunction it can help teachers discover the real cause of the troubles and how to best go about correcting them.

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Brass Embouchures: A Guide For Teachers and Players

On November 8, 2009 I gave this presentation to the North Carolina Music Educators Convention, held in Winston-Salem, NC.  I was pleasantly surprised to have a generally full room of musicians and music educators who mostly seemed genuinely interested in learning more about a topic that is typically ignored in favor of a “let the body figure itself out” practice.

In order to make this information more accessible for both my NCMEA audience as well as to the general public, I created a video that includes my slide show notes, video footage, and the narration from my presentation. 

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