Appreciating Jazz Podcast Part 6 – Early Jazz

Beginning around the 1910s and through the 1920s a new style of music emerged in cities like New Orleans and Chicago.  Featuring both collective improvisation and solo improvisation, this music eventually developed into the earliest forms of what we call jazz today.  This podcast covers the development of early jazz styles and discusses some of the most important and influential artists of this period.

This episode can be downloaded by clicking here, going to my Podcasts page, or by subscribing through iTunes.

Ben Cameron on The True Power of the Performing Arts

Ben Cameron is the Program Director of the Dorris Duke Charitable Foundation and supervises grant programs for the performing arts.  In  his recent TED Talk Cameron discussed the role that technology has played in how we consume performing arts today and also who participates in them.  He sees a paradigm shift that blurs the line between professionals and amateurs, with less of a separation between performers and audience.

Frankly, what we’re seeing now in this environment is a massive time, when the entire world is changing as we move from a time when audience numbers are plummeting. But the number of arts participants, people who write poetry, who sing songs, who perform in church choirs, is exploding beyond our wildest imaginations. This group, others have called the “pro ams,” amateur artists doing work at a professional level. You see them on YouTube, in dance competitions, film festivals and more. They are radically expanding our notions of the potential of an aesthetic vocabulary,while they are challenging and undermining the cultural autonomy of our traditional institutions. Ultimately, we now live in a world defined not by consumption, but by participation.

Here’s the video.

Music Typewriter

I have vivid memories of late nights copying out big band parts by hand to get them ready for an upcoming rehearsal.  Making a mistake in the part involved either trying to scrape the ink off the page while leaving it still legible, literally pasting a cutout over an entire staff to cover the mistake, or just starting that whole page over again.  Once I got access to music notation software I gave up writing out parts by hand (and the musicians were very happy to not have to read my mess too).

Before music software was prevalent, individual composers and arrangers had few options beyond writing out everything by hand.  Publishers developed a variety of techniques over the centuries, ranging from wood blocks to moveable type printing presses to this unusual typewriter, a Keaton Music Typewriter I happened to notice for sale here.  (I love what appears to be a coffee stain on the left side of the paper over the treble clef.)

I imagine that putting together parts this way would be tortuously slow, at least until you did enough of it to get faster.  Even then, I suspect it would be faster to write out the parts by hand, but it wouldn’t be as easy to read.  Correcting mistakes would be just the same, unfortunately.  I’ll stick with my computer notation for now.

For more on how music has been printed in the past, visit the online museum, The History of Music Printing.

Saint John Coltrane

Saxophonist and composer John Coltrane helped shaped the direction jazz took since the mid-1950s. He was an influence not just for his innovative improvising and composing, but also to many through his devout spiritual beliefs. In 1971, about four years after his death, the African Orthodox Church beatified him and made him one of their official saints.  Having just put together a lecture covering John Coltrane for my Jazz Appreciation class, I thought I’d share a little bit here.

If you need a little “sound baptism,” check out this short video documentary on the St. John Coltrane African Orthodox Church in San Francisco, CA.

The Saxophone Saint from Turnstyle Video on Vimeo.

Music From Ancient Sumer

Ensemble de Organographia is a group that specializes in performing music of the ancient world on period instruments.  Recently, with some help from archeologists, they have recreated music from ancient Sumer.  Here are a couple of videos of what Sumerian music might have sounded like.

They have released an album of this music that also includes music from ancient Egypt and Greece as well.  Now perhaps the next time I teach Music Appreciation I should start the historical portion with ancient music, rather than with music from the Middle Ages.  I see they also have an earlier album of music from ancient Greece, so I have no excuse now.

Charles Ives

One of the most original American composers of the 20th Century was Charles Ives.  Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut on October 20, 1874.  Ives’s father, George Ives, was a bandmaster – the youngest one in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and was a bit of a free spirit himself. George Ives passed that quality on to his son in part by forcing his son to participate in strange musical experiments.  One night George stood outside in a thunderstorm listening to the church bells ring in the wind. He spent the rest of the night trying to find the pitch on his piano, only to discover that it wasn’t there (the bells were out of tune).  This led George to build a device made up of 24 violin strings and a series of weights and pulleys which he called a quarter-tone machine.  This device was able to play the notes “in between the cracks” of the piano keyboard, notes out of tune with the normal tuning system.

George Ives would compose melodies on his quarter-tone machine and make Charles sing them.  Ives would later say that his father “gave that up except as a form of punishment.” Another experiment George subjected Charles to was to make him sing a popular song in one key while George played the accompaniment in a completely different key.

Continue reading “Charles Ives”

Creativity and Schizophrenia

I just came across this interesting article about how research using some sort of brain scanning technology noted similarities between the brains of highly creative people and the brains of people with schizophrenia, notably fewer receptors of a particular kind.  From the article:

“Fewer D2 receptors in the thalamus probably means a lower degree of signal filtering, and thus a higher flow of information from the thalamus,” said Professor Ullen.

He believes it is this barrage of uncensored information that ignites the creative spark.  This would explain how highly creative people manage to see unusual connections in problem-solving situations that other people miss.

Looking through history it seems almost as if very creative individuals and crazy lives go hand in hand.  Take, for example, the life of one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Charlie Parker.  In addition to helping to create a new style of improvisation that would lead to modern jazz, Parker also suffered virtually his whole life with addictions and mental illness.  Like other similar cases, Parker died young, at the age of 34 (and the coroner who conducted his autopsy famously estimated his age to be in his fifties).

I tend to think the idea of linking tragic lives and creativity to contain a bit of confirmation bias.  It’s more interesting to study the biography of someone who was eccentric and we tend to not think about the more normal lives of other creative figures in history.  Still, this new research goes a long way in explaining why it seems that highly creative people often seem to be, well, a little off in their own world.

Exploring Black Music

Exploring Black Music is a podcast by the Center For Black Music Research at Columbia College in Chicago, IL.  The first five podcasts were written and hosted by Donald James.  Beginning with Episode 6, on Charles Mingus, my friend and former colleague Dr. Horace Maxile hosts.  Horace is the chair of the Center For Black Music Research.

While I’m a big fan of some podcasts, I tend to not listen to music podcasts that often.  I figure that if I’m in the mood for music I’ll just listen to music, not to someone talking about music.  However, lately I’ve been making an effort to explore some music podcasts and Exploring Black Music is now one of my favorites.

This podcast explores black music ranging from “classical” music through jazz, gospel, and pop styles like hip-hop and funk.  I’ve discovered a lot of new music in the few that I’ve already listened to.  You can use podcatching software like iTunes to subscribe to Exploring Black Music.